1. Weathering The breaking down of rocks into smaller pieces by mechanical or chemical weathering. 2. Physical Weathering/Mechanical Weathering The type of weathering in which rock is physically broken into smaller pieces 3. Frost Wedging type of mechanical weathering; cracking of rock as it freezes and expands in the crevices or cracks. 4. Heating and cooling type of mechanical weathering; causes cracking of rock or minerals by repeated heating and cooling 6. Plant Growth type of mechanical weathering; As plants grow the expansion of the roots break up the rock and minerals 7. Animal actions type of mechanical weathering; Animals burrow into the ground, loosening and breaking up rock. 8. Chemical Weathering The process that breaks down rock through chemical changes 9. Acid Rain Volcanic eruptions and pollution combine with water to form sulfuric acid which dissolves rock quickly. 10. Oxidation A chemical change in which oxygen turns iron in rock to rust. 11. Erosion the movement of rock particles by wind, water, ice, or gravity. 12. Erosion by Water Process by which sediment is carried away by water (water falls, rivers cutting through canyons) 13. Erosion by Wind Wind can pick up rock materials such as sand, silt, and clay and carry them away (small materials) 14. Erosion by Ice The MOVEMENT of glaciers can shove huge amounts of rock and sediment leaving behind deposits of dirt and soil. 15. Erosion by Gravity The force of gravity can MOVE enormous amounts of rock and soil. 16. Constructive Processes The ways in which Earth's surface is built up, such as mountain building and deposition. (When Earth's plates collide, volcanoes, and the formation of deltas) 17. Destructive Processes The ways in which Earth's surface is torn down, such as weathering and erosion. 18. Deltas form when rivers deposit sediments in the ocean forming a triangle shaped land formation. LANDFORMS 1. Arches 拱(gǒng)门(mén)-Water and wind --A curved rock formation, formed by a combination of erosionforces. 2. Dune沙(shā)丘(qiū)-Wind 3. Mesa平(píng)顶(dǐng)山(shān)-Wind 4. Butte 孤(gū)山(shān)-Wind --an isolated hill with steep, even sides, and a flat top. 5. U-Shaped Valley U形(xíng)山(shān)谷(gǔ)- Graciers 6. V-shaped Valley V形(xíng)山(shān)谷(gǔ) -Water 7. Cliff 悬(xuán)崖(yá)-Water 8. Delta三(sān)角(jiǎo)洲(zhōu)-Water --form when rivers deposit sediments in the ocean forming a triangle shaped land formation 9. Canyon峡(xiá)谷(gǔ)-Water --a deep gorge, typically one with a river flowing through it. |